Unlike peptides that act through cell-surface receptors, SS-31’s alternating cationic and aromatic residues give it a strong, selective affinity for cardiolipin — a phospholipid found almost exclusively on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Published research has characterized this cardiolipin interaction as central to SS-31’s mechanism of action: stabilizing cristae architecture, reducing electron leak and reactive oxygen species production, and supporting ATP synthesis under conditions of mitochondrial stress. The D-amino acid at the N-terminus confers resistance to proteolytic degradation, extending the peptide’s stability in experimental systems.

Common research applications include: in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac and renal tissue, investigations into age-related mitochondrial decline in cardiac and skeletal muscle, glomerular and tubular injury models in kidney research, and studies of alpha-synuclein aggregation relevant to neurodegenerative disease research. SS-31 is also a frequent reference compound in mitochondrial biology protocols examining proton leak, membrane potential, and redox homeostasis. The broader elamipretide research program — which informed the FDA’s 2025 accelerated approval of an elamipretide-based therapy for Barth syndrome — has produced an unusually deep body of published data for investigators working with this compound.

Each vial of Hydra Pulse Research SS-31 is manufactured in an ISO-grade facility, lyophilized for long shelf life, and shipped with a Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing peptide identity, mass spectrometry confirmation, and HPLC purity. We do not bulk-source from unknown intermediaries — every batch is tested before release

Why researchers choose Hydra Pulse Research for SS-31: every batch is independently tested, every order ships with documentation, and every product is manufactured to research-grade specifications — never grey-market, never re-bottled. Our team supports laboratories, academic groups, and independent research professionals with reliable supply, transparent COAs, and responsive customer service.

SS-31 is sold strictly for in vitro and in vivo research, laboratory analysis, and educational purposes. It is not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, and is not intended for human consumption. It is not FORZINITY® or any other FDA-approved elamipretide product, and no medical claims are made or implied. By purchasing from Hydra Pulse Research, the buyer agrees to use the material exclusively in a controlled research setting in accordance with all applicable laws.

Hydra Pulse Research recommends storing lyophilized SS-31 between -4°F and -20°F for long-term stability. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, peptide solutions should be refrigerated at 36°F–46°F and used within 28 days for optimal experimental consistency. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade peptide structure and introduce variability into experimental data sets.

SS-31

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide, MTP-131, or by its developmental name Bendavia) is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-2′,6′-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2. Developed by researchers Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller as part of the “Szeto-Schiller” peptide family, SS-31 was engineered specifically to concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane, making it one of the most extensively studied mitochondria-targeted peptides in the research literature. Hydra Pulse Research supplies SS-31 at 99%+ purity, third-party verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.

Price range: $55.00 through $146.00

Disclaimer

All products sold on this website are for laboratory research use only. They are not intended for human consumption, medical use, or cosmetic use. By purchasing, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher and understand the proper handling and storage procedures for research-grade materials. No medical claims are made or implied.